including和included的区别

included 通常用作形容词，意思是“包括在内的”，往往置于修饰词之后；including 通常作为介词，意为“包括……”，其后接名词或代词。这两个词均由 include 衍生而来，分别为过去分词和现在分词。

including 和 included 的区别：

1. included：形容词，含义为“包括的；内藏的”；动词，是 include 的过去式和过去分词形式。

including：介词，意为“包含，包括”。

2. included 是过去分词，属于非谓语形式，能够作状语、定语，具有被动意义。

including 是现在分词，同样是一种非谓语形式，可作状语、定语，体现主动意义。

included 的用法：There are many kinds of fruits ——apples, bananas, oranges, and peaches included. （用于列举事物末尾）

including 的用法：There are many kinds of fruits，including apples, bananas, oranges and peaches. （用于列举事物前）